we can make remote infra red proximity sensor using TSOP 1738 and a transistor BC 558/ BC 557 it is a pnp transistor and the circuit is very simple to make. the components are easily available and cheap.
list of components
1) IR reciever TSOP 1738 2) PNP transistor BC 558 3) LED (Any colour)
Kindly watch the Youtube video link for more details:
Sweet Home 3D is a free interior design software application
that allows for the planning and development of floor plans, as well as the
ability to arrange furniture on it and view the results in 3D.
Features
Draw walls only.
Change the color or the texture of the walls, the floors and
the ceilings, importing images of your own patterns if needed.
Drag and drop doors, windows and furniture onto the plan
from a catalog of objects organized by categories, in which you can import 3D
models created by yourself or downloaded from the web.
Customize the size, the orientation, the elevation, the
colors and the textures of each piece of furniture.
View the changes in the plan simultaneously in a 3D view, in
which you can navigate either from an aerial view point, or from a virtual
visitor view point.
Annotate the plan with room areas, dimension lines, texts
and show the North direction with a compass rose.
Create a photo realistic image of your arrangement depending
on the time of the day and the light sources placed in the plan.
Create a video from a virtual path in the 3D view.
Print the home plan and the 3D view or export them in files
at PDF, PNG, JPEG, SVG, OBJ standard formats, to reuse designed homes
in other software.
Extend the features of Sweet Home 3D with plug-ins
programmed in Java, or by developing a derived version based on its Model View
Controller architecture.
If you want to build a 10 LED Chaser circuit we suggest this circuit
first. It uses popular IC is a simple and affordable IC-4017_decade
counter and IC-555.
As circuit diagram below is LED chaser circuit which The CD4017
act as LED driver in 10 output, by LED will glow only one in a rapid
sequence. And control to speed with VR1 which is setting frequency
output of a basic astable or free-running pulse generator with IC-555 as
main.
10 LED Chaser Circuit
This
is the circle 10 LED running light as another kind of string light
circuit. Which is running light on circle each one step beautifully and
can adjust speed as well. The working principle
From circuit will see that we use two ICs. Which is IC1-NE555 as timer
IC with a widely used general. In this circuit will use the IC-555 as
the square wave generator to output. Which that frequency is determined
by R-2.7K, R-470 ohms and C-10uF 16V.
In addition yet has a VR1-potentiometer-10K is frequency adjuster. When
IC1-NE555 generate the frequency up, will be entered to IC2-CD4017 by
through way of R 100 ohms. IC2 is Decade Counter IC will provide output
is positive voltage Sort by Position according to input signal from
IC1-NE555 One end of the LED all. Which is pin K to pooling through R 1K
to ground to as the through way of current.
Youtube link for easy LED chaser circuit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohuu0gyTOBU
How to assemble circuits
You can build the PCB as layout in
Figure 2. Then Put all parts in PCB as components layout in Figure 3.
Firstly, put small components type such as R, C, LED and socket IC in to
PCB. When solder finish, should check correctly. Next bring both IC
insert in to socket, careful do not Wrong terminal. When check all thing
correct then enter power supply into the circuit. Then, adjust trimmer
potentiometer and noticed the running of LED if all what work normally
so can use it now.
Here we have explained a dark detector circuit by using 555 timer IC and a LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) which senses the light in surroundings and if it does not find the light, it triggers the IC and glows an LED attached with the circuit. In place of LED we can also use a buzzer or speaker to use it as dark detector alarm. The concept of this LDR circuit is quite simple and based on the working of LDR. So lets first understand more about LDRs.
Video link : LDR circuit using IC 555 Timer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gwUOnkJzxY
LDRs are a type resistors made from semiconductor materials to enable them to have their light sensitive properties. There are many types of LDRs but one of the most popular material used is cadmium sulphide (CdS). These LDRs or also known as photo resistors works on the principle of “Photo Conductivity”. Now what this principle says is , whenever light falls on the surface of the LDR (in this case) the conductance of the element increases or in other words the resistance of the LDR falls when the light falls on the surface of the LDR. This property of the decrease in resistance for the LDR is achieved because it is a property of semiconductor material used on the surface.
Here in this dark detecting LED circuit, LDR is configured with 555 timer IC in ASTABLE mode in such a way that 555 ASTABLE generates square wave when the light intensity goes below a certain level.
1. pin no 6 is connected to pin no 2
2. pin no 4 is connected to pin no 8
3. a resistor of 5 k is connected between pin no 1 and pin no 2
4. a LDR is placed between pin no 4 and pin no 2
5. LED is connected between pin no 1 and pin no 3
When there is dark on LDR the LEDs are ON i.e. at night lights will glow automatically
Where there is light on LDR the LEDs are off i.e. in day time lights are off automatically
above figure shows the circuit diagram of dark detecting LED. This circuit shows how we can convert a simple astable mode circuit to a “dark sensor”.
We just need to add an LDR and a resistor in the circuit, then it
simply works as dark detector. A general purpose LDR is used for sensing
the light. When proper light is falling on the LDR its resistance is
very low. When there is no light the LDR resistance increases. At this
time the IC is triggered and glows the LED attached with the circuit
Manmohan Pal
Mob. 8989811397
Email- mannmohanpal@gmail.com
Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDnhARnHOEIPuNIEp5vPdGQ
A Logic AND Gate
is a type of digital logic gate that has an output which is normally at
logic level “0” and only goes “HIGH” to a logic level “1” when ALL of its inputs are at logic level “1”.
The output state of a “Logic AND Gate” only returns “LOW” again when ANY of its inputs are at a logic level “0”. In other words for a logic AND gate, any LOW input will give a LOW output.
The logic or Boolean expression given for a digital logic AND gate is that for Logical Multiplication which is denoted by a single dot or full stop symbol, ( . ) giving us the Boolean expression of: A.B = Q.
Then we can define the operation of a 2-input logic AND gate as being:
Symbol
Truth Table
2-input AND Gate
B
A
Q
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
Boolean Expression Q = A.B
Read as A AND B gives Q
Follow the link to make And gate demonstration science project
7408 Quad 2-input AND Gate
In the next tutorial about Digital Logic Gates, we will look at the digital logic OR Gate function as used in both TTL and CMOS logic circuits as well as its Boolean Algebra definition and truth tables.
555 timer IC is the cheap, popular and precise timing device
used in various applications. It gets the name from the three 5KΩ resistors
that are used to generate two comparator reference voltages. This IC is
operated as monostable, bistable or astable multivibrater to produce a variety
of applications.
This IC comes with bipolar 8 pins dual in-line package. It
consists of 25 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors arranged to form two
comparators, flip-flops, and high current output stage.
Pin Description
The following is the Pin Description
Pin 1-Ground: It is connected to ground as usual. For the
timer to function this pin should be connected to ground.
Pin 2-TRIGGER: The negative input comparator No 1. A
negative pulse on this pin “sets” the internal Flip-flop when the voltage drops
below 1/3Vcc causing the output to switch from a “LOW” to a “HIGH” state
Pin 3-OUTPUT: This pin also has no special function. This
pin is drawn from PUSH-PULL configuration formed by transistors.This pin gives
the output.
Pin 4-Reset: There is a flip-flop in the 555 IC timer chip.
The output of flip-flop controls the chip output at pin 3 directly. This pin is
connected to Vcc for the flip-flop to stop from hard resetting.
Pin 5-Control Pin: The control pin is connected from the
negative input pin of comparator one. The function of this pin to give the user
the direct control over the first comparator.
Pin 6-THRESHOLD: Threshold pin voltage determines when to
reset the flip-flop in the timer. The threshold pin is drawn from positive
input of comparator1.
Pin 7-DISCHARGE: The discharge pin is connected directly to
the Collector of an internal NPN transistor which is used to “discharge” the
timing capacitor to ground when the output at pin 3 switches “LOW”.
Pin 8-Power or VCC: This pin also has no special function.
It is connected to a positive voltage.
Working Modes OF 555 Timer IC
The 555 timer IC operates in modes
Astable mode
Monostable mode
Bistable mode
Astable mode
Astable mode means there will be no stable levels at the
output. Thus the output will fluctuate from high and low. This character of the
astable output is used as a clock or square wave output for many applications.
Features of 555 timer IC
It operates from a wide range of power supplies ranging from
+ 5 Volts to + 18 Volts supply voltage.
Sinking or sourcing 200 mA of load current.
The external components should be selected properly so that
the timing intervals can be done in several minutes along with the frequencies
exceeding several hundred kiloHertz.
The output of a 555 timer can drive a transistor-transistor
logic (TTL) due to its high current output.
It has a temperature stability of 50 parts per million (ppm)
per degree Celsius change in temperature, or equivalently 0.005 %/ °C.
The duty cycle of the timer is adjustable.
The maximum power dissipation per package is 600 mW and its
trigger and reset inputs has logic compatibility.
Thus, this is all about making of Blinking LED using a 555
timer IC. We hope that you have got a better understanding of this concept.
Furthermore, any queries regarding this topic or 555 timer based projects,
please give your valuable suggestions by commenting on the comment section
below.
